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Anatomy Tables - Superficial Limbs
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Anatomy Tables - Superficial Limbs |
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Osteology |
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| Bone | Structure | Description | Notes |
| clavicle (N420, N421, TG2-03A, TG2-03B, Practical) |
an "S" shaped bone located between the sternum and the scapula | it articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum and laterally with the acromion process of the scapula; it forms a strut that supports the upper limb; it is frequently fractured; it is the first bone to begin ossification during development | |
| acromial extremity | the flattened lateral end of the clavicle | it is marked on its inferior surface at the junction of the medial 2/3 and the lateral 1/3 by a roughened area for attachment of the coracoclavicular ligament; it articulates with the coracoid process of the scapula through a syndesmosis; it articulates with the acromion process of the scapula through a synovial joint; due to the shape of the distal clavicle, the acromion process passes inferior to the clavicle in acromioclavicular dislocations (Latin, akron = tip + omos = shoulder, therefore the tip of the shoulder) | |
Topographical Anatomy |
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|---|---|---|
| Structure/Space | Description/Boundaries | Significance |
| cubital fossa (N418, TG2-24) |
superior - line between humeral epicondyles, medial - pronator teres, lateral - brachioradialis | site for phlebotomy |
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Veins |
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| Vein | Tributaries | Drains Into | Regions Drained | Notes |
| cephalic v. (N424, N428, N479, TG2-02, TG2-12A, TG2-12B, Practical) |
lateral side of the dorsal venous arch of the hand; superficial veins of the forearm | axillary vein | superficial parts of the lateral hand and lateral forearm | median cubital vein usually shunts some of the blood collected by the cephalic v. to the basilic v. (Latin/Greek, kephale = head) |
| basilic (N479, N480, TG2-02, Practical) |
dorsal veins of hand medially; superficial veins of forearm, median cubital vein | unites with brachial vein(s) to form the axillary vein | superficial parts of medial hand & medial forearm | connects with deep veins of the forearm via perforating veins |
| median cubital (N479, TG2-02, Practical1, Practical2) |
cephalic | basilic | superficial parts of hand & forearm | a median antebrachial vein is possible and, when present, it may drain into the median cubital vein |
| dorsal venous network of hand (N480, TG2-02, Practical) |
dorsal metacarpal veins | medially into basilic v. and laterally into cephalic v. | superficial, dorsal aspect of digits | unlike the foot, a distinct arch may be absent in the hand, replaced by a dorsal venous network of veins | XXXXXXXX dorsal venous arch of foot (N544, TG3-02, Practical) |
dorsal digital vv. and dorsal metatarsal vv. | great saphenous v. medially, small saphenous v. laterally | dorsum of digits & superficial structures of dorsum of foot |
| saphenous, greater (N544, N546, TG3-02, TG3-70) |
medial end of dorsal venous arch of foot, perforating communications, superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, superficial external pudendal | femoral v. | superficial structures of medial lower limb; lower abdominal wall, perineal region | frequently used as graft material in coronary bypass surgery (Saphenous, arabic for "al safin" = hidden, for this vein does not show through the skin) |
| epigastric, superficial (N500, N544, TG3-02) |
none | greater saphenous v. | superficial fascia and skin of the lower abdominal wall | superficial epigastric v. communicates with paraumbilical vv. and may enlarge in portal hypertension, producing the sign called caput medusae |
| saphenous, lesser (N545, TG3-03) |
lateral end of dorsal venous arch of foot | popliteal v. | superficial lateral foot & leg | (Saphenous, arabic for "al safin" = hidden, for this vein does not show through the skin) ZZZZZZ |
Nerves |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nerve | Source | Branches | Motor | Sensory | Notes |
| antebrachial cutaneous, lateral (N429, N430, N431, N477, N479, N480, TG2-02, TG2-15, TG2-17, TG2-50) |
musculocutaneous n. | anterior and posterior branches | none | skin of the lateral side of the forearm | lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. emerges from the lateral intermuscular interval between biceps and brachialis; it is the continuation of the musculocutaneous n. (Latin, cutis = skin) |
| antebrachial cutaneous, medial (N429, N430, N431, N477, N479, N480, TG2-02, TG2-15, TG2-17, TG2-50, Practical) |
medial cord of the brachial plexus | no named branches | none | skin of the medial side of the forearm | medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve travels with the basilic vein for part of its course (Latin, cutis = skin) |
| antebrachial cutaneous, posterior N429, N430, N431, N477, N479, N480, TG2-02, TG2-15, TG2-17, TG2-50) | radial n. | inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n. | none | skin of the lateral distal arm and posterior forearm | posterior antebrachial cutaneous n. passes posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (Latin, cutis = skin) |
| superficial radial n. (N478, TG2-50, Practical) |
radial n. | dorsal digital brs. | sympathetic motor for the skin | skin of the posterolateral wrist and hand; dorsum of the lateral 2 1/2 digits (excluding the skin over the distal phalanx/nail bed) | superficial radial n. is located deep to the brachioradialis muscle |
| dorsal branch of the ulnar n. (N476,N480, TG2-14, TG2-49, Practical1, Practical2) |
ulnar n. | dorsal digital | sympathetic motor innervation to skin | skin of the dorsal surface of the medial 2 1/2 digits; skin of the medial side of the back of the hand | dorsal branch of the ulnar n. emerges at the level of the ulnar styloid process (Latin, ulna = elbow) |
Fascia |
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|---|---|---|
| Organ/Part of Organ | Location/Description | Notes |
| brachial fascia (N479, TG2-02) |
sheath of deep fascia enclosing the arm that is continuous superiorly with the pectoral and axillary layers of fascia | attached inferiorly to the epicondyles of the humerus and the olecranon of the ulna and is continuous with the antebrachial fascia |
| antebrachial fascia (N480, TG2-02) |
anterior and posterior thickening forming the extensor retinaculum; immediately distal but deeper to the palmar carpal ligament it forms the flexor retinaculum | formation of the carpal tunnel through which the median n. and flexor tendons pass |
| The material presented in these tables is contained in the book: MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York Copyright © 1995, unauthorized use prohibited. |
The excellent editorial assistance of Dr. Pat Tank, UAMS is gratefully acknowledged. |
Updated: 19 Oct 2011
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| Copyright© 2000 The University of Michigan. Unauthorized use prohibited. | ||
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