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Lecture Notes - Axilla & Arm
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Lecture Notes - Axilla & Arm |
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Boundaries of axilla
The streaming video of the 2004-5 lab overview is available on the web (password protected).
The computer presentation used by Dr. Fisher in lecture is available on the web (password protected). You can also download the PowerPoint presentation to print or review.
Contents of axilla
- anterior axillary fold - pectoralis major
- posterior axillary fold - teres major and latissimus dorsi
- medial - serratus anterior (chest wall)
- lateral - humerus
- superior - clavicle, scapula, & first rib
- floor - skin
Brachial plexus injuries
- Fat and lymph nodes
- Axillary vein
- Axillary artery - continuation of subclavian a.
- Subdivided into 3 parts by pectoralis minor
- 1st part - 1 branch - highest or supreme thoracic
- 2nd part - 2 branches
- thoracoacromial
- lateral thoracic
- 3rd part - 3 branches
- anterior circumflex humeral
- posterior circumflex humeral
- subscapular - divides into circumflex scapular & thoracodorsal
- Relationship to brachial plexus and axillary sheath
- Brachial plexus
- Formation - roots (5), trunks (3), divisions (6), cords (3), and branches
- Nerves of plexus
- From roots
- dorsal scapular (C5)
- long thoracic (C5,6,7)
- From trunks
- suprascapular (from superior trunk)
- From divisions - none
- From cords
- lateral cord - 3 branches
- lateral pectoral
- lateral contribution to median n.
- musculocutaneous
- medial cord - 5 branches
- medial pectoral
- medial brachial cutaneous
- medial antebrachial cutaneous
- medial contribution to median n.
- ulnar
- posterior cord - 5 branches
- upper subscapular
- thoracodorsal (middle subscapular)
- lower subscapular
- axillary
- radial
Fascial compartments of arm
- Erb-Duchenne palsy - upper plexus
- Klumpke's palsy - lower plexus
- Nerve compression & lesion
Contents of cubial fossa
- Anterior compartment
- Muscles
- coracobrachialis
- biceps brachii (long & short heads)
- brachialis
- Nerve
- musculocutaneous
- Posterior compartment
- Muscles
- triceps brachii (long, lateral & medial heads)
- anconeus
- Nerve & vessel
- radial n.
- deep brachial a.
- (ulnar n. - travels distally within)
- Neurovascular compartment
- Nerves of passage
- median
- medial antebrachial cutaneous
- Artery
- brachial
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