Medical Gross Anatomy
Anatomy Tables - Veins
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Medical Gross Anatomy |
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Selected Veins of the Abdomen - Listed Alphabetically |
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| Vein | Tributaries | Drains Into | Regions Drained | Notes |
| anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. | anterior part of the head of the pancreas; anterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v |
| anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v. | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | right gastro-omental v. | anterior part of the head of the pancreas; anterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v |
| ascending lumbar v. | lumbar vv. 1-4 | right: azygos v.; left: hemiazygos v. | posterior abdominal wall | ascending lumbar v. connects adjacent lumbar vv. |
| azygos v. | formed by the union of the ascending lumbar v. and the subcostal v.; tributaries: posterior intercostal vv. 11-2 (right superior intercostal), hemiazygos v., accessory hemiazygos v., esophageal v., right bronchial v. | posterior surface of the superior vena cava | lateral and posterior walls of the abdomen and chest; esophagus; bronchial tree | may connect with the inferior vena cava; arch of azygos passes superior to the root of the lung |
| cystic v. | veins of the gall bladder and common bile duct | directly into the liver at the bed of the gall bladder | gall bladder | these multiple small vs. drain the gall bladder and cystic duct directly into the liver |
| esophageal v. | tributaries are unnamed | azygos v.; hemiazygos v. | esophagus | esophageal vv. connect with the esophageal brs. of the left gastric, forming a potential portal-caval venous anastomosis (esophageal varices when enlarged) |
| gastric, left | esophageal vv.; gastric brs. | portal v. | lesser curvature of the stomach, lower part of the esophagus | left gastric v. communicates with the esophageal vv., forming a portal-caval venous anastomosis (esophageal varices when enlarged); the left gastric v. and right gastric v. are together called the coronary v. because they form a circle |
| gastric, right | gastric brs. | portal v. | lesser curvature of the stomach | the left gastric v. and right gastric v. are together called the coronary v. because they form a circle |
| gastro-omental, left | gastric brs., omental brs. | splenic v. | greater curvature of the stomach and the greater omentum | also known as: left gastroepiploic v. |
| gastro-omental, right | gastric brs., omental brs. | superior mesenteric v. | greater curvature of the stomach and the greater omentum | also known as: right gastroepiploic v. |
| hepatic, left | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | entire lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver; superior portion of the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver | the lumen of the left hepatic v. is clearly visible within the portion of the inferior vena cave that passes through the liver |
| hepatic, middle | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | inferior portion of the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver; inferior part of the anterior segment of the right lobe of the liver | the lumen of the middle hepatic v. is clearly visible within the portion of the inferior vena cave that passes through the liver |
| hepatic, right | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | superior portion of the anterior segment of the right lobe of the liver; entire posterior segment of the liver | the lumen of the right hepatic v. is clearly visible within the portion of the inferior vena cave that passes through the liver |
| inferior mesenteric v. | superior rectal v., sigmoid v., left colic v. | splenic v. (or the junction of the splenic v. and superior mesenteric v.) | gut from the left colic flexure distally (hindgut derivatives) | when the inferior mesenteric v.joins the splenic v., it courses lateral to the 4th part of the duodenum |
| inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. | anterior inferior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal vv. | superior mesenteric v. | lower part of duodenum & head of pancreas | connects with anterior & posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vv. |
| inferior phrenic v. | unnamed tributaries from the respiratory diaphragm | right: inferior vena cava; left: left suprarenal v. or inferior vena cava | diaphragm | left inferior phrenic v. may be paired |
| inferior vena cava | formed by the union of the paired common iliac vv; tributaries: lumbar vv. 1-4, right ovarian/testicular v., renal vv., right suprarenal v., right inferior phrenic v., hepatic vv. | right atrium | all of the body below the level of the respiratory diaphragm | the inferior vena cava is longer than the abdominal aorta |
| intercostal, posterior | lateral cutaneous br. | 1st: brachiocephalic v.; 2nd-4th: superior intercostal v.; right 5th-11th: azygos v.; left 5th-7th or 8th: accessory hemiazygos v.; left 9th-11th: hemiazygos v. | intercostal space including skin, muscles and adjacent ribs; the spinal cord at that segmental level and the corresponding vertebra | the difference in termination of the intercostal vv. of the left and right sides is explained by the embryonic origin of the azygos system from the (originally symmetrical) supracardinal vv. |
| left gastric v. | esophageal vv.; gastric brs. | portal v. | lesser curvature of the stomach, lower part of the esophagus | left gastric v. communicates with the esophageal vv., forming a portal-caval venous anastomosis (esophageal varices when enlarged); the left gastric v. and right gastric v. are together called the coronary v. because they form a circle |
| left gastro-omental v. | gastric brs., omental brs. | splenic v. | greater curvature of the stomach and the greater omentum | also known as: left gastroepiploic v. |
| left hepatic v. | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | entire lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver; superior portion of the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver | the lumen of the left hepatic v. is clearly visible within the portion of the inferior vena cave that passes through the liver |
| left renal v. | left ovarian/testicular v., left suprarenal v., sometime the left inferior phrenic v. | inferior vena cava | left ovary/testis; left ureter; left kidney; left suprarenal gland; left part of the respiratory diaphragm | left renal v. crosses the abdominal aorta under the origin of the superior mesenteric a., creating a site of potential compression of the left renal vein |
| lumbar, ascending | lumbar vv. 1-4 | right: azygos v.; left: hemiazygos v. | posterior abdominal wall | ascending lumbar v. connects adjacent lumbar vv. |
| mesenteric, inferior | superior rectal v., sigmoid v., left colic v. | splenic v. (or the junction of the splenic v. and superior mesenteric v.) | gut from the left colic flexure distally (hindgut derivatives) | when the inferior mesenteric v.joins the splenic v., it courses lateral to the 4th part of the duodenum |
| middle hepatic v. | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | inferior portion of the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver; inferior part of the anterior segment of the right lobe of the liver | the lumen of the middle hepatic v. is clearly visible within the portion of the inferior vena cave that passes through the liver |
| pancreaticoduodenal, anterior inferior | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. | anterior part of the head of the pancreas; anterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v |
| pancreaticoduodenal, anterior superior | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | right gastro-omental v. | anterior part of the head of the pancreas; anterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v |
| pancreaticoduodenal, inferior | anterior inferior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal vv. | superior mesenteric v. | lower part of duodenum & head of pancreas | connects with anterior & posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vv. |
| pancreaticoduodenal, posterior inferior | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. | posterior part of the head of the pancreas; posterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v |
| pancreaticoduodenal, posterior superior | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | portal v. | posterior part of the head of the pancreas; posterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. |
| paraumbilical v. | unnamed tributaries from the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall | umbilical part of left branch of portal vein | falciform ligament, round ligament of the liver | paraumbilical v. represents a potential site of portal-caval anastomosis; blood may pass retrogradely into the anterior body wall veins near the umbilicus, creating caput medusa clinical sign |
| phrenic, inferior | unnamed tributaries from the respiratory diaphragm | right: inferior vena cava; left: left suprarenal v. or inferior vena cava | diaphragm | left inferior phrenic v. may be paired |
| plexus, rectal venous | no named tributaries | superior, middle & inferior rectal vv. | rectum and anal canal; anus | rectal venous plexus is a site of portal-caval anastomosis |
| portal v. | formed by the union of the superior mesenteric v. and the splenic v.; tributaries: posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v., right gastric v., left gastric v. | divides into right and left branches before entering the liver; into the liver sinusoids | all of the gut and its glands | portal v. connects with the vena caval drainage at 1) esophagus, 2) rectum, 3) umbilicus, 4) retroperitoneal gut structures; portal v. courses between two capillary beds (gut and liver) |
| posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. | posterior part of the head of the pancreas; posterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v |
| posterior intercostal v. | lateral cutaneous br. | 1st: brachiocephalic v.; 2nd-4th: superior intercostal v.; right 5th-11th: azygos v.; left 5th-7th or 8th: accessory hemiazygos v.; left 9th-11th: hemiazygos v. | intercostal space including skin, muscles and adjacent ribs; the spinal cord at that segmental level and the corresponding vertebra | the difference in termination of the intercostal vv. of the left and right sides is explained by the embryonic origin of the azygos system from the (originally symmetrical) supracardinal vv. |
| posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v. | numerous unnamed tributaries from the duodenum and pancreas | portal v. | posterior part of the head of the pancreas; posterior aspect of the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum | posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v. connects with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. |
| rectal venous plexus | no named tributaries | superior, middle & inferior rectal vv. | rectum and anal canal; anus | rectal venous plexus is a site of portal-caval anastomosis |
| renal, left | left ovarian/testicular v., left suprarenal v., sometime the left inferior phrenic v. | inferior vena cava | left ovary/testis; left ureter; left kidney; left suprarenal gland; left part of the respiratory diaphragm | left renal v. crosses the abdominal aorta under the origin of the superior mesenteric a., creating a site of potential compression of the left renal vein |
| renal, right | multiple tributaries exit the kidney | inferior vena cava | right kidney | right renal v. is shorter than the left renal v. |
| right gastric v. | gastric brs. | portal v. | lesser curvature of the stomach | the left gastric v. and right gastric v. are together called the coronary v. because they form a circle |
| right gastro-omental v. | gastric brs., omental brs. | superior mesenteric v. | greater curvature of the stomach and the greater omentum | also known as: right gastroepiploic v. |
| right hepatic v. | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | superior portion of the anterior segment of the right lobe of the liver; entire posterior segment of the liver | the lumen of the right hepatic v. is clearly visible within the portion of the inferior vena cave that passes through the liver |
| right renal v. | multiple tributaries exit the kidney | inferior vena cava | right kidney | right renal v. is shorter than the left renal v. |
| splenic v. | proper splenic vv. | portal v. | spleen | multiple proper splenic vv. emerge from the hilum of the spleen and join to form the splenic v. |
| superior mesenteric v. | ileocolic v., intestinal vv., right colic v., middle colic v., inferior pancreaticoduodenal v., right gastro-epiploic v. | portal v. | gut from the duodenum to the left colic flexure (midgut derivatives) | superior mesenteric v. joins the splenic v. to form the portal v. |
| suprarenal v. | no named tributaries | left: left renal v.; right: inferior vena cava | suprarenal gland | left suprarenal v. is usually joined by the left inferior phrenic v.; also known as: central v. of the suprarenal |
| testicular v. | pampiniform plexus | left: left renal v.; right: inferior vena cava | testis, ureter | left testicular v. is longer than the right testicular v. |
| thoracoepigastric v. | numerous vv. of the superficial fascia | lateral thoracic v. | skin and superficial fascia of the anterolateral body wall | thoracoepigastric v. connects the superficial circumflex iliac v. and the superficial epigastric v. - it can serve as collateral drainage when the inferior vena cava is blocked |
| vena cava, inferior | formed by the union of the paired common iliac vv; tributaries: lumbar vv. 1-4, right ovarian/testicular v., renal vv., right suprarenal v., right inferior phrenic v., hepatic vv. | right atrium | all of the body below the level of the respiratory diaphragm | the inferior vena cava is longer than the abdominal aorta |
| The material presented in these tables is
contained in the book: MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York Copyright © 1995, unauthorized use prohibited. |
The excellent editorial assistance of Dr. Pat Tank, UAMS is gratefully acknowledged. |
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| Copyright© 2000 The University of Michigan. Unauthorized use prohibited. |
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