Dr. Kim has prepared two "Review and Look-alike" presentations that you may find useful:

Cardiovascular Review (heart, vessels, blood, and bone marrow)

Respiratory Review

See also Dr. Hortsch's "Second Look" at the Respiratory System:

Respiratory Tract Second Look

Drs. Kim, Ernst, and Velkey have prepared lab orientations that label cells/tissues in the slides you've been studying in lab:

Cardiovascular Lab Orientation (Kim)

Cardiovascular Labeled Micrographs (Velkey)

Blood & Bone Marrow Lab Orientation (Ernst)

Respiratory Lab Orientation (Kim)

Respiratory Labeled Micrographs (Velkey)

Practice Examination Questions

Click on the PC link or MAC link to view image.

The tip of the arrow is in the lumen of a/an:

1. alveolus
2. alveolar duct
3. respiratory bronchiole
4. terminal bronchiole
5. pulmonary vein
   
   answer

Click here for image
In this section of heart tissue, which of the brackets correctly demarcates the endocardium?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

answer

Click here to view light micrograph

Click here to view electron micrograph
One of the primary products contained in the formed elements indicated in the light micrograph and specifically in the granule indicated in the electron micrographs is:

1. major basic protein
2. histamine
3. collagenase
4. surfactant
5. mucus
6. immunoglobulins
7. thromboplastin

answer

Click here for image
The section shown is from the wall of a/an:

1. heart ventricle
2. heart atrium
3. medium (muscular) artery
4. elastic artery
5. medium vein
6. large lymphatic vessel

answer

Click on the MAC link or PC link to view image.

The tissue shown is from:

1. false vocal fold
2. true vocal fold
3. trachea
4. olfactory area of the nasal cavity
5. nasal vestibule
   
   answer

Click on the MAC link or PC link to view image

The group of cells indicated by arrow:

1. synthesizes and maintains components of the cardiac skeleton.
2. initiates contraction of atrial myocardium.
3. attaches to atrioventricular valve leaflets via chorda tendinae.
4. conducts action potentials from the A-V node to the ventricular myocardium.
5. contracts vigorously when stimulated and therefore contributes significantly to overall cardiac output.

answer

Click here for image
The formed element indicated by the arrow:

1. normally comprises less than 1% of circulating leukocytes.
2. produces platelets.
3. is derived from a lymphoid progenitor cell.
4. can leave the bloodstream and differentiate into a tissue macrophage.
5. produces IgE antibodies.

answer

Click here for image
The structure indicated by the arrow in the TEM is comprised primarily of:

1. type IV collagen and laminin
2. elastin and fibrillin
3. type I collagen
4. smooth muscle cell cytoplasm
5. endothelial cell cytoplasm

answer

Click here for image
The arrow is in the lumen of a:

1. trachea
2. bronchus
3. bronchiole
4. bronchial artery
5. pulmonary artery
   
   answer

Click here for image
The formed element indicated in the transmission electron micrograph:

1. does not function properly in individuals with NADPH oxidase deficiency.
2. plays a critical role in the regulation of blood pH.
3. transports the bulk of blood CO2 as carboxyhemoglobin.
4. is derived from a lymphoid progenitor cell.
5. in normal individuals constitutes approximately 70% of total blood volume.

answer

Click here for image
The vessel indicated by the arrow is a/an:

1. muscular artery
2. muscular vein
3. arteriole
4. venule
5. capillary

answer

Click here for image
The cell indicated:

1. is found only in the conducting portions of the respiratory tract.
2. clears foreign material from the alveolar wall.
3. produces surfactant.
4. secretes mucus.
5. releases histamine during hypersensitivity reactions.
   
   answer

Click on the MAC link or PC link to view image.

In this tissue sectin stained with aldehyde fuchsin and eosin (aka "Weigert's stain"), the tip of the arrow is in the:

1. ventricular myocardium
2. atrial myocardium
3. tunica media of a medium (muscular) artery
4. tunica media of an elastic artery
5. tunica media of a medium vein
6. connective tissue of a valve leaflet

answer

Goblet cells may be found in all or part of the following regions of the respiratory tract EXCEPT:

1. posterior nasal cavity (non-olfactory area)
2. larynx
3. trachea
4. bronchi
5. terminal bronchioles
   
   answer

Click here for image
A patient presents to the emergency room with a fever (39°C or 102°F) and difficulty breathing. A peripheral blood sample is taken from which a differential white blood cell count is performed. Counts of the cell types shown in the image are as follows:

Panel A: 70% of leukocytes
Panel B: 1% of leukocytes
Panel C: 0.5% of leukocytes
Panel D: 7% of leukocytes
Panel E: 21.5% of leukocytes

Based on this information, which of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause of the patient’s symptoms?

1. asthma / respiratory allergies
2. lymphoid leukemia with metastasis to the lungs
3. pneumococcal pneumonia (bacterial infection of the lungs)
4. viral bronchitis (viral infection leading to inflammation of the bronchi)

answer

Which statement regarding vascular smooth muscle cells is NOT true:

1. They are never found in tunica intima.
2. They produce reticular and elastic fibers in the tunica media of muscular (medium) arteries.
3. They produce reticular and elastic fibers in the tunica media of elastic arteries.
4. They are oriented circularly in the tunica media of arteries.
5. They may be present as longitudinal bundles in the tunica adventitia of veins.

answer