Keegan C.E, Hutz J.E., Krause A.S., Koehler K., Metherell L.A., Boikos S., Stergiopoulos, S., Clark A.J., Stratakis C.A., Huebner A., and Hammer G.D. Novel polymorphisms and lack of mutations in the ACD gene in patients with ACTH resistance syndromes. Clinical Endocrinology, February, 2007.

Looyenga BD, Hammer GD. Origin and Identity of Adrenocortical Tumors in Inhibin Knockout Mice: Implications for Cellular Plasticity in the Adrenal Cortex. Mol Endocrinol 20(11): 2848-2863 (2006).

Gummow BM, Scheys JO, Cancelli VR, Hammer GD. Reciprocal Regulation of a GR-SF-1 Transcription Complex on the Dax-1 Promoter by Glucocorticoids and ACTH in the Adrenal Cortex. Mol Endocrinol 20(11): 2711-2723 (2006).

Johnsen IK, Slawik M, Shapiro I, Hartmann MF, Wudy SA, Looyenga BD, Hammer GD, Reincke M, Beuschlein F. Gonadectomy in mice of the inbred strain CE/J induces proliferation of sub-capsular adrenal cells expressing gonadal marker genes. J Endocrinol. 2006 Jul;190(1):47-57.

Hutz JE, Krause AS, Achermann JC, Vilain E, Tauber M, Lecointre C, McCabe ER, Hammer GD, Keegan CE. IMAGe association and congenital adrenal hypoplasia: no disease-causing mutations found in the ACD gene. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 May;88(1):66-70. Epub 2006 Feb 28.

Winnay JN, Xu J, O'Malley BW, Hammer GD. Steroid receptor coactivator-1-deficient mice exhibit altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function.Endocrinology. 2006 Mar;147(3):1322-32. Epub 2005 Dec 8.

Winnay JN, Hammer GD. Adrenocorticotropic hormone-mediated signaling cascades coordinate a cyclic pattern of steroidogenic factor 1-dependent transcriptional activation.Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Jan;20(1):147-66. Epub 2005 Aug 18.

Else T, Hammer GD. Genetic analysis of adrenal absence: agenesis and aplasia. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;16(10):458-68. Epub 2005 Nov 4.

Winnay JN, Hammer GD.ACTH-mediated signaling cascades coordinate a cyclic pattern of SF-1-dependent transcriptional activation. Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Aug 18.

Park SY, Meeks JJ, Raverot G, Pfaff LE, Weiss J, Hammer GD, Jameson JL. Nuclear receptors Sf1 and Dax1 function cooperatively to mediate somatic cell differentiation during testis development. Development. 2005 May;132(10):2415-23. Epub 2005 Apr 13.

Hammer GD, Parker KL, Schimmer BP.Minireview: transcriptional regulation of adrenocortical development. Endocrinology. 2005 Mar;146(3):1018-24. Epub 2004 Dec 16. Review.

Keegan, C.E.,  Hutz, J.E., Else, T., Adamska, M., Shah, S.P., Kent, A.E., Howes, J.M., Beamer, W.G. and Hammer, G.D. Urogenital and caudal dysgenesis in adrenocortical dysplasia (acd) mice is caused by a splicing mutation in a novel telomeric regulator.  Human Molecular Genetics 14 (1) 2005

Beuschlein, F., Looyenga, B.D., Reincke, M., and Hammer, G.D. Role of the inhibin/activin system and luteinizing hormone in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. Horm Metab Res. 2004 Jun;36(6):392-6

Hammer, G.D., Tyrrell, J.B., Lamborn, K.R., Applebury, C.B., Elizabeth T. Hannegan, E.T., Bell, S., Rahl, R., Lu, A. and Wilson, C.B. Transphenoidal Microsurgery for Cushing's Disease: Initial Outcome and Long Term Results. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89(12): 6348-6357 (2004)

Beuschlein, F., Looyenga, B.D., Reincke, M., Giordano, T. and Hammer, G.D. Clinical Impact of Recent Advances in the Biology of Adrenocortical Cancer.  The Endocrinologist 13(6): 470-478 (2003).

Kennell, J.A., E.E. OLeary, B.M. Gummow, G D. Hammer, and O.A. MacDougald. 2003. TCF-4N, a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, synergizes with b-catenin to coactivate C/EBPa and SF-1 transcription factors. Molecular and Cellular Biology 23(15):5366-75 (2003).

Gummow, BM, Winnay, JN and Hammer GD. Convergence of Wnt signaling and SF-1 on transcription of the rat inhibin alpha gene.  Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (29): 26572-26579 (2003).

Beuschlein, F., Looyenga, B.D., Mutch, C., Bleasdale, S., Bavers, D.L., Parlow, A.F., Nilson, J.H. and Hammer, G.D.  Activin induces X-zone apoptosis that inhibits luteinizing hormone-dependent adrenocortical tumor formation in inhibin deficient mice.  Molecular and Cellular Biology 23(11): 3951-3964  (2003).

Beuschlein, F., Keegan, C. E., Bavers, D. L., Mutch, C., Hutz, J. E., Shah, S., Ulrich, Lai, Y. M., Engeland, W. C., Jeffs, B., Jameson, J. L. and Hammer, G. D. SF-1, DAX-1, and acd: molecular determinants of adrenocortical growth and steroidogenesis. Endocrine Research 28(4): 597-607 (2002).

Beuschlein, F.and Hammer, G.D. Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Self-Assessment Program, 2002

Beuschlein, F., Mutch, C., Bavers, D.L., Ulrich-Lai, Y., Engeland, W.C.,  Keegan, C. and Hammer, G.D. SF-1 is Essential for Adrenocortical Proliferation Following Unilateral Adrenalectomy.  Endocrinology  143(8): 3122-35 (2002).

Babu, P.S., Bavers, D.L., Beuschlein, F., Shah, S., Jeffs, B., Jameson, J.L. and Hammer, G.D. Interaction between Dax-1 and SF-1 in vivo:  increased adrenal responsiveness to ACTH in the Absence of Dax-1.  Endocrinology 143(2): 665-73 (2002).

Keegan, K and Hammer, G.D.  Recent Insights into Organogenesis of the Adrenal Cortex. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 13(5): 200-208 (2002).

Beuschlein, F.and Hammer, G.D. Ectopic POMC Syndromes in Endocrine Manifestations of Systemic Disease, Endocrinology Clinics of North America 31: 191-234 (2002).

Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Self Assessment Program, 2001

Babu, P.S., Bavers, D.L. Shah, S., Jeffs, B., Jameson, J.L. and Hammer, G.D.  Role of Phosphorylation, Gene Dosage And Dax-1 In SF-1 Mediated Steroidogenesis.  Endocrine Research 26(4): 985-994 (2000).

Hammer GD, and Ingraham HA. Steroidogenic Factor 1: Its role in endocrine organ development and differentiation. Invited review, Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 20: 199-223 (1999).

Hammer GD, and Ingraham HA. Book Review of Hormones and Growth Factors in Development and Neoplasia (EDS. Dickson, R.B. and Salomon D.S.) Cell 96(4): 476-479 (1999).

Hammer GD, Kylova I, Zhang Y, Darimont BD, Simpson K, Weigel NL, and Ingraham HA. Phosphorylation of the nuclear receptor SF-1 modulates cofactor recruitment: Integration of hormone signaling in reproduction and stress. Molecular Cell 3(4): 521-526(1999).

Nachtigal MW, Horokawa Y, Enyeart Van Houten DL, Flanagan JN, Hammer GD, and Ingraham HA. Wilms Tumor 1 and Dax-1 modulate the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in sex-specific gene expression. Cell 93(3): 445-454 (1998).

Low MJ, Liu B, Hammer GD, Rubinstein M, and Allen RG. Posttranslational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in mouse pituitary melanotroph tumors induced by a POMC-simian virus 40 large T antigen transgene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268(33): 24967-24975 (1993).

Asa SL, Kovacs K, Hammer GD, Liu B, Roos BA, and Low MJ. Pituitary corticotroph hyperplasia in rats implanted with a medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line transfected with a corticotropin-releasing hormone cDNA expression vector. Endocrinology 131(2); 715-720 (1992).

Liu B, Hammer GD, Rubinstein M, Mortrud M, and Low MJ. Identification of DNA elements cooperatively activating proopiomelanocortin gene expressionin the pituitary gland of transgenic mice. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 12(9): 3978-3900 (1992).

Hammer GD, Muller G, Liu B, Petrides JS, Roos BA, and Low MJ. Ectopic corticotropin-releasing hormone produced by a transfected cell line chronically activates the pituitary-adrenal axis in trankaryotic rats. Endocrinology 130(4): 1975:1985 (1992).

Hammer GD, Fairchild-Huntress V, and Low MJ. Pituitary-specific and hormonally regulated gene expression directed byu the rat proopiomelanocortin promoter in transgenic mice. Molecular Endocrinology 4(11): 1689-1697 (1990).

Hammer GD and Kapp BS. The effects of naloxone administered into the periaqueductal gray on the shock-elicited freezing behavior in the rat. Behavioral and Neural Biology 46: 189-195 (1986).