Department of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology- Research Division

	George A. Mashour, MD, PhD Director, Division of Neuroanesthesiology Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology & Neurosurgery Faculty, Neuroscience Graduate Program Faculty, Center for Sleep Science Phone: 734-936-4280 Fax: 734-936-9091 Email:gmashour@umich.edu

Dr. Mashour received his M.D. and Ph.D in Neuroscience from Georgetown University and was awarded Fulbright Scholarships for neuroscience research at the Max Delbrück Center in Berlin , as well as the University of Bonn . He completed his internship, residency, and chief residency in anesthesiology at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , as well as fellowship training in neuroanesthesiology at the University of Michigan . His main clinical activities are neurosurgical anesthesia and neurocritical care.

Research Interests:

Dr. Mashour's primary scholarly interest is in consciousness and anesthesia. He is credited with developing the cognitive unbinding paradigm of general anesthesia, as well as advocating for the role of anesthesiology in the study of consciousness. In his clinical research, Dr. Mashour is studying awareness during general anesthesia and is currently the principal investigator of a 30,000 patient trial. In his laboratory, he investigates the interfaces of sleep and general anesthesia, as well as sleep state analysis. Finally, he has a theoretical research group exploring complex systems techniques for assessing consciousness and anesthetic depth, based on information integration theory, as well as his own theory of general anesthesia.

Other research interests relate to topics in clinical neuroanesthesiology, as well as perioperative neurologic outcomes.


Selected Articles

Mashour GA. Consciousness unbound: Toward a paradigm of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2004;100:428-433. [PubMed]

Mashour GA. Integrating the science of consciousness and anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2006;103:975-82. [PubMed]

Mashour GA. Monitoring consciousness: EEG-based assessment of anesthetic depth. Seminars in Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, 2006;25(4):205-10.

Mashour GA, LaRock E. Inverse zombies, anesthesia awareness, and the hard problem of unconsciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 2008;17:1163-1168. [PubMed]

Mashour GA, Wang L, Esaki R, Naughton N. Operating room desensitization as a novel treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder after intraoperative awareness. Anesthesiology 2008;109(5):927-929. [PubMed]

Mashour GA, Wang L, Turner CR, Shanks A, Vandervest JC, Tremper KK. A retrospective study of intraoperative awareness with methodological implications. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 108:521-526. [PubMed]

Lee U, Mashour GA, Kim S, Noh GJ, Choi BM. Propofol induction reduces the capacity for neural information integration: Implications for the mechanism of consciousness and general anesthesia. Consciousness and Cognition 2009; 18(1):56-64. [PubMed]

Esaki R, Mashour GA. Levels of consciousness during regional anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care: Patient expectations and experiences. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 108(5):1560-3. [PubMed]

Welch MB, Brummett CM, Welch TD, Tremper KK, Shanks AM, Guglani P, Mashour GA. Perioperative peripheral nerve injuries: a retrospective study of 380,680 cases during a 10-year period at a single institution. Anesthesiology 2009; 111(3):490-7. [PubMed]

Lee U, Kim S, Noh GJ, Choi BM, Hwang E, Mashour GA. The directionality and functional organization of frontoparietal connectivity during consciousness and anesthesia in humans. Consciousness and Cognition 2009 May 12 [Epub ahead of print]

Mashour GA, Esaki RK, Tremper KK, Glick DB, O'Connor M, Avidan MS. A novel classification instrument for intraoperative awareness events. In press, Anesthesia and Analgesia.

Gross BA, Walsh CM, Booth V, Mashour GA, Poe GR. Open-source, logic-based, automated sleep scoring software using electrophysiological recordings in rats. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2009 Jul 15 [Epub ahead of print]

Mashour GA, Esaki RK, Vandervest, JC, Shanks A, Kheterpal S. A novel electronic algorithm for detecting potentially insufficient anesthesia: Implications for the prevention of intraoperative awareness. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 2009;11(3):490-7. [PubMed]

Selected Chapters:

Forman SA, Mashour GA. Pharmacology of inhalational anesthetics, in Anesthesiology, 1st edition, Editors: DE Longnecker, et al., 2007, McGraw-Hill, Chapter 37, pp. 739-766

Mashour GA, Rosow C. Monitoring depth of anesthesia, in Intraoperative Monitoring of Neural Function. Editor: M Nuwer, 2008, Elsevier, pp. 947-957

Kelz MB, Mashour GA, Abel T, Maze M. Sleep, memory, and consciousness, in Miller’s Anesthesia, 7th Edition, Editors: Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL, 2009, Elsevier, Chapter 11, pp. 237-260

Mashour GA, Kelz MB. Sleep and consciousness, in Anesthetic Pharmacology, Eds: Evers A, Maze M. 2nd Edition, In press, 2009

Mashour GA. Anesthesia awareness: When the mind is not suppressed, in Suppressing the Mind: Anesthetic Modulation of Memory and Consciousness, Eds: Hudetz A, Pearce, R. Humana/Springer, In press, 2009

Books:

Mashour GA, Editor, Unconscious Processes, in the International Anesthesiology Clinics series. Volume 46(3), 2008, Lippincott.

Mashour GA, Editor, Consciousness, Awareness, and Anesthesia, Cambridge University Press, in press, 2009.

Mashour GA, Editor, Neuroanesthesia & Neurocritical Care: A Case-Based Approach, under contract with Cambridge University Press.

Mashour GA, Lydic R, Editors, The Neuroscientific Foundations of Anesthesiology, under contract with Oxford University Press.

Editorial Positions:

Editorial Board

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Guest Editor

- December 2006 issue of Seminars in Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, on the subject of "Consciousness and Anesthesiology"

- Summer 2008 issue of International Anesthesiology Clinics on the subject of "Unconscious Processes"

Ad Hoc Reviewer

Anesthesiology, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Consciousness & Cognition, Journal of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Anesthesia, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Neurochemical Research, Neurosurgery, Sleep

Research Divisions