Literature Cited:

[1] West DC, Romano PS, Azari R, Rudominer A, Holman M, Sandhu S. Impact of environmental tobacco smoke on children with sickle cell disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Dec;157(12):1197-201.

[2] Jackson C, Dickinson D. Can parents who smoke socialise their children against smoking? Results from the Smoke-free Kids intervention trial.  Tob Control. 2003 Mar;12(1):52-9.

[3] Jackson C, Dickinson D. Enabling parents who smoke to prevent their children from initiating smoking: results from a 3-year intervention evaluation. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Jan;160(1):56-62.

[4] U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General. Women and smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD; 2001.

[5] Alm B, Milerad J, Wennergren G, Skjaerven R, Oyen N, Norvenius G, Daltveit AK, Helweg-Larsen K, Markestad T, Irgens LM. A case-control study of smoking and sudden infant death syndrome in the Scandinavian countries, 1992 to 1995. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study. Arch Dis Child. 1998 Apr;78(4):329-34.  Available at:  http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/78/4/329.

[6] MacDorman MF, Cnattingius S, Hoffman HJ, Kramer MS, Haglund B. Sudden infant death syndrome and smoking in the United States and Sweden. Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Aug 1;146(3):249-57.  Available at:  http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/146/3/249.

[7] E Lannero E, Pershagen G, Wickman M, Nordvall L.  Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent wheezing during the first years of life.  Respir Res. 2006 Jan 5;7(1):3.

[8] Burguet A, Kaminski M, Abraham-Lerat L, Schaal JP, Cambonie G, Fresson J, et al. EPIPAGE Study Group. The complex relationship between smoking in pregnancy and very preterm delivery.  Results of the Epipage study.  BJOG. 2004 Mar;111(3):258-65.

[9] Olds D.  Tobacco exposure and impaired development: A review of the evidence. MRDD Res Rev 1997;3(3):257-269.
 
[10] Raatikainen K, Huurinainen P, Heinonen S. Smoking in early gestation or through pregnancy: A decision crucial to pregnancy outcome. Prev Med. 2006 Sep 4; [Epub ahead of print]

[11] G Dempsey DA and Benowitz NL. Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy (review article), Drug Safety 2001 24(4):277-322

Written and compiled by Kyla Boyse, R.N.  Reviewed by faculty and staff at the University of Michigan.

Updated October 2006

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